Individualism and Collectivism Culture Theories Essay -- Culture

Independence and Collectivism are two acknowledged speculations that are regularly utilized when managing one’s culture and political perspectives. As per Kemmelmeier, H. M. what's more, Coon, Individualism and Collectivism ideas has been utilized to â€Å"depict, explain, and imagine difference in people’s assessment, conduct, standards, attribution, self recognition, socialization, and communication.† Nonetheless, independence and cooperation has shared some common perspectives just as confused positions on humankind, the manner of people, the alliance of society and the qualities of individuals in the individualistic culture. Independence and Collectivism have shared objectives, by and by they concedes to what ought to be accomplish, however their supposition contrast by they way we ought to accomplish what should be accomplished. Numerous scholars has pinpointed a distinction in these two speculations clarifying that â€Å"societies can be differentiated alo ng an individualistic-collectivistic pivot, with those toward the individualistic end stressing the â€Å"I† and those toward the opposite end accentuating the â€Å"we† in pondering, assessing, and sanctioning informative conducting.† Individualism has been related with the I-character and community being related with the We-personality. In utilizing these pronouns as recognizable proof it talks volume as what every hypothesis is about. The independence or the I-character has been sort as people that place accentuation on themselves or their close family, it has been obvious that specific nations has tried this personality, for example, The United States of America, Australia, France, and Canada. Maverick bring together their ways of life encircle self completion and individual accomplishment; they trust in equity bu... ...fstede, G. (2009, June). Dimensionalizing Cultures: The Hofstede Model in Context. Online Readings in Psychology and Culture (Unit 17, Chapter 14).  ©International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology. Donal Carbaugh, Intercultural Theory [on-line] Available from http://eco.ittralee.ie/individual/theories_III.php#1; Internet. Lustig, Myron and Jolene Koester. 1998. Intercultural Competence: Interpersonal Communication Across Cultures (third Ed.). (Addison-Wesley Publishing, 1998), 30. Coon, H.M. and Kemmelmeier M. (2001) Cultural direction in the United States. (re) analyzing contrasts among ethnic gatherings. Diary of Cross Cultural Psychology 32, 348-364 Stella Ting-Toomey. (2005). The lattice of Face: An Updated Face-Negotiation Theory,† in William Gudykunst, Ed., Theorizing about intercultural correspondence. Sage Publications. 71-92.

Romanticism Comparing essays

Sentimentalism Comparing articles Snap! Watson steps on the twig, however the puzzling figure doesn't appear to hear. Sir Arthur Conan Doyles The Hound of the Baskervilles is an amazing case of a Romantic tale since it shows that nature is caring, the settings are dark and it shows how feelings influence a Romantic tale. The Hound of the Baskervilles is about a homicide instance of Sir Charles Baskerville. Investigator Sherlock Holmes and his associate Watson are approached to explain the extremely secretive homicide. Sir Arthur Conan Doyle makes a bunch of characters in this novel who know about nature. One of these characters is a suspect, his name is Mr. Stapleton. A tin box for organic examples [hangs] behind him and he [carries] a green butterfly net in one of his hands (Doyle 90). Mr. Stapleton is so committed to nature and the examples that live around him, he takes it so far that anybody that crosses his way would hear a long clarification about organic examples. Stapleton likewise has a sister or spouse and he trains her how to cherish nature as much as he does. My sister is as committed to Nature as I am (102). Likewise numerous occurrences in the novel that different characters demonstrate their commitment to nature. Since the disaster, Mr. Holmes, there [has] go to my ears a few episodes which are difficult to accommodate with the settled request of nature (30). Nature likewise helps Mr. Sherlock Holmes in tackling his homicide case. As it [seems] to me, for Nature to toss before the c arriage of the returning beneficiary of the Baskervilles (77). Nature has a major influence in a Romantic tale since it shows that it helps the individuals who are thoughtful to it. Models from the book will assist you with seeing how this novel is a magnificent case of a Romantic epic. Nature was not by any means the only thing Doyle expounds on. Sentimental books must have cloud settings. Darken settings are generally not quite the same as different books... <!

How Does Conformity Influence Behavior

How Does Conformity Influence Behavior Theories Social Psychology Print How Does Conformity Influence Behavior? By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Updated on December 08, 2019 More in Theories Social Psychology Behavioral Psychology Cognitive Psychology Developmental Psychology Personality Psychology Biological Psychology Psychosocial Psychology In This Article Table of Contents Expand Overview Types Research and Experiments Influential Factors View All Back To Top Conformity involves changing your behaviors in order to fit in or go along with the people around you. In some cases, this social influence might involve agreeing with or acting like the majority of people in a specific group, or it might involve behaving in a particular way in order to be perceived as normal by the group. Verywell / Brianna Gilmartin   Definitions Psychologists have proposed a variety of definitions to encompass the social influence that conformity exerts. Essentially, conformity involves giving in to group pressure. Some other definitions include: Conformity is the most general concept and refers to any change in behavior caused by another person or group; the individual acted in some way because of influence from others. Note that conformity is limited to changes in behavior caused by other people; it does not refer to the effects of other people on internal concepts like attitudes or beliefs ... Conformity encompasses compliance and obedience because it refers to any behavior that occurs as a result of others influence - no matter what the nature of the influence.??Conformity can be defined as yielding to group pressures, something which nearly all of us do some of the time. Suppose, for example, you go with friends to see a film. You didnt think the film was very good, but all your friends thought that it was absolutely brilliant. You might be tempted to conform by pretending to agree with their verdict on the film rather than being the odd one out. ?? Why Do We Conform? Researchers have found that people conform to a number of different reasons.?? In many cases, looking to the rest of the group for clues for how we should behave can actually be helpful. Other people might have greater knowledge or experience than we do, so following their lead can actually be instructive. In some instances, we conform to the expectations of the group in order to avoid looking foolish. This tendency can become particularly strong in situations where we are not quite sure how to act or where the expectations are ambiguous. In 1955, Deutsch and Gerard identified two key reasons why people conform: informational influence and normative influence.?? Informational influence happens when people change their behavior in order to be correct.?? In situations where we are unsure of the correct response, we often look to others who are better informed and more knowledgeable and use their lead as a guide for our own behaviors. In a classroom setting, for example, this might involve agreeing with the judgments of another classmate who you perceive as being highly intelligent. Normative influence stems from a desire to avoid punishments (such as going along with the rules in class even though you dont agree with them) and gain rewards (such as behaving in a certain way in order to get people to like you).?? Types As mentioned previously, normative and informational influences are two important types of conformity, but there are also a number of other reasons why we conform. The following are some of the major types of conformity. Normative conformity involves changing ones behavior in order to fit in with the group.Informational conformity happens when a person lacks the knowledge and looks to the group for information and direction.Identification occurs when people conform to what is expected of them based on their social roles. Zimbardos famous Stanford Prison Experiment is a good example of people altering their behavior in order to fit into their expected roles. However, the experiment has come under intense scrutiny in recent years.??Compliance involves changing ones behavior while still internally disagreeing with the group.Internalization occurs when we change our behavior because we want to be like another person. Research and Experiments Conformity is something that happens regularly in our social worlds. Sometimes we are aware of our behavior, but in many cases, it happens without much thought or awareness on our parts. In some cases, we go along with things that we disagree with or behave in ways that we know we shouldnt. Some of the best-known experiments on the psychology of conformity deal with people going along with the group, even when they know the group is wrong. Jennesss 1932 Experiment: In one of the earliest experiments on conformity, Jenness asked participants to estimate the number of beans in a bottle. They first estimated the number individually and then later as a group. After they were asked as a group, they were then asked again individually and the experimenter found that their estimates shifted from their original guess to closer to what other members of the group had guessed.??Sherifs Autokinetic Effect Experiments: In a series of experiments,  Muzafer Sherif asked participants to estimate how far a dot of light in a dark room moved. In reality, the dot was static, but it appeared to move due to something known as the autokinetic effect. Essentially, tiny movements of the eyes make it appear that a small spot of light is moving in a dark room. When asked individually, the participants answers varied considerably. When asked as part of a group, however, Sherif found that the responses converged toward a central mean. Sherifs resul ts demonstrated that in an ambiguous situation, people will conform to the group, an example of informational influence.??Aschs Conformity Experiments: In this series of famous experiments, psychologist Solomon Asch asked participants to complete what they believed was a simple perceptual task. They were asked to choose a line that matched the length of one of three different lines. When asked individually, participants would choose the correct line. When asked in the presence of Confederates who were in on the experiment and who intentionally selected the wrong line, around 75% of participants conformed to the group at least once. This experiment is a good example of normative influence; participants changed their answer and conformed to the group in order to fit in and avoid standing out.?? Influential Factors The difficulty of the task: Difficult tasks can lead to both increased and decreased conformity. Not knowing how to perform a difficult task makes people more likely to conform, but the increased difficulty can also make people more accepting of different responses, leading to less conformity.Individual differences: Personal characteristics such as motivation to achieve and strong leadership abilities are linked with a decreased tendency to conform.The size of the group: People are more likely to conform in situations that involve between three and five other people.Characteristics of the situation: People are more likely to conform in ambiguous situations where they are unclear about how they should respond.Cultural differences: Researchers have found that people from collectivist cultures are more likely to conform. Examples A teenager dresses in a certain style because he wants to fit in with the rest of the guys in his social group.A 20-year-old college student drinks at a sorority party because all her friends are doing it and she does not want to be the odd one out.A woman reads a book for her book club and really enjoys it. When she attends her book club meeting, the other members all disliked the book. Rather than go against the group opinion, she simply agrees with the others that the book was terrible.A student is unsure about the answer to a particular question posed by the teacher. When another student in the class provides an  answer, the confused student concurs with the answer believing that the other student is smarter and better informed.

Social Shaping of Technology and Technological Determinism

t Social Context of Society Social Context of Technology – Essay â€Å"Technology is an independent factor impacting on society from outside society† Discuss with reference to both the Technological Determinist and the Social Shaping of Technology perspectives. The power technology obtains is incredible. In recent years it’s advanced greatly and I believe its limits is only our imagination. It is evolving at a quicker rate than ever and its happening right before our eyes, weather we like it or not. ‘By definition, technology has always been present in human society, even from it’s very origins’ (Paschal Preston, 2001, p.109), stating that technology has always†¦show more content†¦This is another reason how TD cannot affect all users in the same way. SST for example relies on the consumer feedback of a product to help facilitate a product/service to all types of user. They often achieve this through BETA versions of software. Software, available to download free of charge, to receive customer feedback on glitches, faults or any hiccup’s the user may have encountered during th eir interaction with the software. Technology nowadays, is very much in its full capacity, is faced with huge competition. Big communication companies are always trying to out do each other to be the best. Thus, relying of customer feedback to get there. During the times of TD, such competition did not exist, the market was a monopoly, or in some cases an oligopoly run by a small number of sellers. No feedback was required as huge competition did not exist. This essay has attempted to show a better understanding of both theories, Technological Determinism and Social Shaping of Technology. I think some aspects of Technological Determinism stood for a brief while. This being because of the minor stage technology was at. The notion that technology controls usShow MoreRelatedSocial Shaping of Technology and Technological Determinism1417 Words   |  6 Pagest Social Context of Society Social Context of Technology – Essay â€Å"Technology is an independent factor impacting on society from outside society† Discuss with reference to both the Technological Determinist and the Social Shaping of Technology perspectives. The power technology obtains is incredible. In recent years it’s advanced greatly and I believe its limits is only our imagination. It is evolving at a quicker rate than ever and its Read MoreEssay Technological Determinism1184 Words   |  5 PagesTechnological determinism is a term developed by Marshal McLuhan, a theorist in the study of new media. By technological determinism, McLuhan refers to technology having the power to change societies and influence our cultures. 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It can define the way we live our lives and influence who we are: â€Å"it includes customs, attitudes, beliefs, traditions and rituals of a society. However, we should not assume all cultures are the same† (Kidd and Teagle, 2012, p.6). it has been suggested that our culture can resemble who we are and play a funda mental role in shaping us. Highlighting that one culture can differ to another individualRead MoreSocial Construction of Technology3292 Words   |  14 PagesITO 1 Individual Assignment Social Construction and Social Shaping of Technology Course Tutors: Professor Brain Bloomfield Professor Theo Vurdubakis Submitted by: Amit Tewari Student Id: 30646848 Abstract Theories of social construction of technology provide ways to identify the influence of society in development of technologies. What do we mean when we say that technology is socially constructed? This paper explaining the theory of social construction of technology and providing with some examplesRead MoreCulture Vs. Society.1241 Words   |  5 Pagesof culture have evolved significantly. Anthropologists view culture as the learned and accumulated experience. A culture of a particular community or society integrates the socially transmitted patterns of behaviors characteristics of a specific social group. However, the definition is still evolving with some scholars defining culture as the knowledge, beliefs, art, morals, customs and another element of life acquired by an individual in society. Kroeber defined culture as a mass of learned andRead MoreThe Story of the Concept of Progress549 Words   |  2 PagesThe word progress is patent to the western culture, and it’s s ynonymous to the existence of the new knowledge and technological invention. The conception of progress started in the â€Å"middle age† to the Renaissance, a superlative culture (re-birth) that came to lime light in the 14th century. 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(Pavri, 2017, 6) LikewiseRead MoreTechnology’s Negative Impact on Romantic Relationships2419 Words   |  10 PagesSocial networking and other social technology allows for interactions to occur between f riends and family regardless of their location. While people remain social through communicating at a constant rate, the essence of face-to-face interactions is in part affected. In romantic relationships, open and honest communication with one’s partner is critical to the trust and development of the relationship. Young adults use social technology such as the Internet and mobile phones on a daily basis to maintain Social Shaping of Technology and Technological Determinism t Social Context of Society Social Context of Technology – Essay â€Å"Technology is an independent factor impacting on society from outside society† Discuss with reference to both the Technological Determinist and the Social Shaping of Technology perspectives. The power technology obtains is incredible. In recent years it’s advanced greatly and I believe its limits is only our imagination. It is evolving at a quicker rate than ever and its happening right before our eyes, weather we like it or not. ‘By definition, technology has always been present in human society, even from it’s very origins’ (Paschal Preston, 2001, p.109), stating that technology has†¦show more content†¦Social Shaping of Technology is †¦suggested that every moment or stage of the technological innovation process (from design, development, adoption, application and use or consumption) is largely or overwhelmingly shaped by social factors. (Paschal Preston, 2001, p.112). We are now a society where control the advances in technology and we provide consumer feedback , which in time shapes and forms the final output of a particular product or service. ‘The social shaping approaches reject the idea that technological change is an autonomous process or that it represents some kind of independent variable or force causing social change’. (Paschal Preston, 2001, p.112). In the past, technologies which emerged as the first in their range were not the most user friendly. Current trends in technology advances make the theory of TD sound ludicrous. We are now in a time where products are designed to suit the needs of the users within’ society. Lets take the mouse for example on a standard personal computer. When the first personal computer was introduced, users were given a wired mouse, which controlled the pointer on the computer. They were square and did not satisfy the consumer. However there was no alternative and we used what wasShow MoreRelatedSocial Shaping of Technology and Technological Determinism1431 Words   |  6 Pagest Social Context of Society Social Context of Technology – Essay â€Å"Technology is an independent factor impacting on society from outside society† Discuss with reference to both the Technological Determinist and the Social Shaping of Technology perspectives. The power technology obtains is incredible. In recent years it’s advanced greatly and I believe its limits is only our imagination. It is evolving at a quicker rate than ever and its happeningRead MoreEssay Technological Determinism1184 Words   |  5 PagesTechnological determinism is a term developed by Marshal McLuhan, a theorist in the study of new media. By technological determinism, McLuhan refers to technology having the power to change societies and influence our cultures. 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The Salem Witch Trials Fact or Fake Essay - 2429 Words

The Salem Witch Trials were the most famous, most deadly, and most studied witch trials in the British colonies according to author Brian Pavlac.(138) What started out as innocent childs play ended with 19 deaths and one killed by being pressed to death with stones. The events were gruesome, tragic, and filled with irrational behavior. The people of Salem, who were mostly of a puritan background, were driven by fear, to stop those who were consorting with the devil, and cleanse their town of all evil. This however, remains to be seen as the true intention of all of those involved with the witch hunts. These trials, which took place over the course of the winter of 1691 through the summer of 1693 were a time of uncertainty, paranoia,†¦show more content†¦Eleven-year-old Abigail Williams was another matter. She was of a robuster sort, and though as relentlessly catechized as her small cousin, instinctively took damnation, death , and most other unpleasant things as someth ing scheduled to happen to someone else, particularly to people she didnt like. (Rice 20) These two were completely opposite in character one, it seems, desiring a deeper look into witchcraft so she could curse those whom she did not like. The other was seemingly forced into â€Å"consorting with evil spirits,† and simply was a victim. These stories continued night after night, allowing the girls to delve deeper and deeper into a seemingly innocent endeavor, A picture show Tituba weaving stories into the air with the children watching her every move. Notice the details of the picture. First and foremost Tituba was not as old as she seemed in the picture according to Earle Rice.(21) Those stories could have routed into one of two paths. The first allowed for what would have been a psychological idea to develop in the girls heads. They took a fantasy that they wanted to be true and eventually their minds just interpreted it as reality. The other path that could have been ta ken was that the girls were actually beginning to develop a connection to a form of witchcraft, which in Puritan society was looked upon as an extreme evil. This begs the question as to whether witchcraft is real or not. Puritans and many cultures do believe in witchcraft. AsShow MoreRelatedThe Crucible : The Potential Of Change916 Words   |  4 PagesJohnston English 11H, Period 7 8 October 2015 The Crucible: The Potential of Change Introduction: In The Crucible, Arthur Miller recreates the anxiety and hysteria of the Salem witch-trials from 1692. Although the title, not once is the word â€Å"crucible† spoken in the play. However, the people and events of the Salem witch trials correspond with the definition of a â€Å"crucible†. The Merriam-Webster Dictionary defines â€Å"crucible† three ways: â€Å"A pot in which metals or other substances are heated to a veryRead MoreThe Salem Witch Trials, The World Behind The Hysteria1461 Words   |  6 Pages The Salem Witch Trials From the time of the 1690’s the entirety of Salem, Massachusetts were Puritans. â€Å"The Puritan lifestyle was restrained and rigid: People were expected to work hard and repress their emotions or opinions. Individual differences were frowned upon.† (Salem Witch Trials, The World Behind the Hysteria). These people believed that doing anything sinful would result in punishment from God. Just as much as they believed in God, they also believed in the Devil. Keeping up with theRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1116 Words   |  5 PagesWhat the hell is going on in Salem? Everyday someone new is being accused of being a witch. No one is safe. Hide your kids; hide your wife, because they are accusing everyone around here. In the play, The Crucible, the Salem Witch Trials are taking place and many people are being falsely indicted of practicing witch craft. Thus, meaning many innocent individuals are being hanged because of the lies of four young girls. The Crucible, ha s many themes, but the most impactful one is hands down â€Å"PowerRead MoreThe Heretic s Daughter By Kathleen Kent1430 Words   |  6 PagesKathleen Kent is an evocative tale which tells a fictional story about the first hangings in the Salem witch trials. The book is written through the eyes of Sarah Carrier who was a child during the time of the Salem witch trials. The story begins introducing Sarah’s family as they are traveling under the cover of night in the cold winter months to her grandmother’s house in Andover, a town near Salem. In the late 1680’s smallpox was spreading quickly and the Puritans of Billerica thought the CarrierRead MoreThe Salem Witch Trials : A Time Of Chaos And Panic Essay1676 Words   |  7 Pages The Salem Witch Trials were a time of chaos and panic. It began in 1692 in Salem Village, Massachusetts. Three girls named Elizabeth (Betty) Parris, Abigail Williams and Ann Putnam began acting strange. They uttered odd words and sounds, threw things and had trance-like states. People were terrified and they didn’t know what to do. The fact that the girls had been playing a fortune telling game before the strange behavior didn’t help the cause. After Reverend Parris (Elizabeth’s father) performedRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1694 Words   |  7 Pagespets named after their owner’s favorite comic character, an email address named after their favorite pastime. However, sometimes the meaning of a name is less obvious. In The Crucible, Arthur Miller recreates the anxiety and hysteria of the Salem witch-trials from 1692. Although the title, not once is the word â€Å"crucible† spoken in the play. Merriam-Webster Dictionary defines â€Å"crucible† three ways: â€Å"A pot in which metals or other substances are heated to a very high temperature or melted†, â€Å"a difficultRead MoreThe Witchcraft Act Of 16041319 Words   |  6 Pagespuritan colony known a s Salem Massachusetts with fear. More importantly, the belief in witchcraft was carried over from their home country, England. In England, an act of witchcraft was considered treason against the church, not to mention the king was the head of the church so turning your back on the church also meant going against the king. Many acts against witchcraft were passed, the one dated closest to the Salem witch trials was the Witchcraft Act of 1604 that moved trials of the supposed witchesRead MoreThe Manifestation Of Injustice Within Salem Essay1303 Words   |  6 PagesHailey Ronk 12/11/16 5th Hour The Manifestation of Injustice Within Salem In Arthur Miller’s play, The Crucible (1953), the town of Salem, Massachusetts is established as a place where their own religion ranks higher than truth and justice. Within this town, the authorities are the supreme rulers; they do all the governing and rely merely on their Puritan beliefs in order to help them draw a conclusion to fundamental decisions. These authorities began to develop the belief that these youngRead MoreCharacter Analysis Of Cotton Mathers The Wonders Of The Invisible World888 Words   |  4 PagesConversely, Cotton Mather stood by the use spectral evidence even after his father had condemned it. In The Wonders of the Invisible World, Mather outlined his belief that the convictions in Salem were justified. In fact, it was the judges of the court of oyer and terminer who asked Mather to write a book to clear their name. Directly contradicting his father’s stance on the admission of spectral evidence, Cotton Mather stated that, â€Å"We are Hu mane Creatures, and we are safe while we say, they mustRead MoreThe Existence Of Witches By William Shakespeare1329 Words   |  6 Pagescenturies, the image and the meaning of a witch have undergone a strange transformation. Most people affiliate the word with that of a woman that practices some form of magic; often depicted as evil conjurers who laid curses on others. However, they have been a popular myth throughout the history of humanity. It is safe to assume that people created witches in order to explain some phenomena that existed in ancient times. In modern times, the concept of a witch is nothing more than a fictitious belief

I Stand Here Ironing by Tillie Olsen Free Essays

Stephanie Fernandez Instructor Larson Enc 1102 September 30, 2011 Society’s Blind Eye Many women in today’s society are struck with reality when suddenly they are left to fend for themselves and a young offspring; this hold true for Emily’s mother in Tillie Olsen’s â€Å"I Stand Here Ironing†. This is a story about a mother having a flashback on her daughter’s life, and how she has played a role in each stage of it. She reminisces on how she deprived her daughter of that stability she longed for, wishing she could go back in time and give it another try. We will write a custom essay sample on I Stand Here Ironing by Tillie Olsen or any similar topic only for you Order Now Waking up to feed your children, and nurture them as their emotionally deprived souls seek love and affection is so easy to do when you don’t have the weight of the world on your shoulders. There is so much pressure to raise children the â€Å"right† way according to society. When women have to provide financially for their family, time is divided, and has to be balanced precisely. Parenting is severely hindered by the financial and emotional stress placed upon single mothers in society. When you have both mother and father in a home- the financial responsibilities, along with parental responsibilities are split between two people. A single mother has to work twice as hard to meet the family’s financial and emotional obligations. Society is the first to see when something is going wrong with a child, but turn a blind eye when the mother is struggling to keep a roof over that same child’s head. Emily’s mother maintained a hard work ethic to provide for her daughter, but when that still fell short, she had no choice but to give her away for a while until she got back on her feet. The narrator reminisces leaving her daughter at a daycare, while she would work, but when she would return to pick her daughter up she would begin bawl. This holds true for too many women, having to leave their children in the hands of others, for their own good. It is devastating to know that another woman has to raise a child that isn’t hers, and she too is doing it for money. A daycare could never provide, or come close to providing the emotional comfort that a mother will give her own child. Unfortunately, single working mothers do not have a choice. Read also: â€Å"Stand and Deliver Character Analysis† Society points fingers, with no clear direction as to where to go or what the mothers are expected to do. There are no special rules when it comes to single parenting. There is no such thing as a this-is-how-you-raise-children handbook being handed out to new mothers in hospitals. Why does society have a silent requirement for mothers to have all the answers, when they simply are just not provided? Tillie Olsen clearly states her narrators’ ambiguity in the second paragraph when she says, â€Å"Even if I came, what good would it do? You think because I am her mother I have a key, or that in some way you could use me as a key? She has lived for nineteen years. There is all that life that has happened outside of me, beyond me† (par 3). There is no way that any parent can be with their child every waking moment of their life to guide them in a desired path. Even less likely is a single working mother able to perform or attempt to perform such a significant task in her child’s life. Children grow up to be more distant from their mothers, because of that lack of communication, and there is nothing that can be done to make up for that lost time. Something has to give in order for there to be any sort of stability in a single parent home. Most single parents are women. For many, many years, it has been known that in order to produce a chubby being, a man needs to take part in the baby making process. Too much responsibility and too much blame have been placed on mothers for the lack of their offspring’s healthy childhood and as good mothers, they overlook the allegations being placed on them, and continue to strive for their children. When Emily’s father â€Å"‘could no longer endure’†, the narrator did the best she could to provide for her. All of the weight falls on the mother in the unfortunate event that the father leaves. The mother no longer has a choice but to be strong, and endure what the father clearly didn’t have in him to. Fathers are equally responsible for the way their child turns out to be. Single middle class women have an obstacle placed before them that not one person, besides another woman in her same position can relate to. They are responsible for raising happy healthy children, even if their insides are drowning with sorrow. For many years, women have been held on a pedestal, expected to obey the silent rules placed before them, and for many years, they have. Emily’s mother had worked very hard to get her daughter where she had got her, and a talented young woman did she turn out to be! But the question was still asked, question that she did not have the answer for, and she never will. Resources Olsen, Tillie. â€Å"I Stand Here Ironing†. Web Site: Alexanderbecquer. Publisher: Becquer Publishing Company. How to cite I Stand Here Ironing by Tillie Olsen, Essay examples

The Rhetorical Stance - Booth free essay sample

Successful ences quite unconnected vith a speci6c rhetoricians are to some extent like writing course. I remember the instrucpoets, born, not made. They are also tor in psychology who pencilled one dependent on years of practice and ex- word after a peculiarly pretentious perience. And we can finally admit that paper of mine: bull. I remember the day even the firmest of principles about when P. A. Christensen talked with me writing cannot be taught in the same about my Chaucer paper, and made me sense that elementary logiC or arithmetic understand that my failure to use efor French can be taught.Then teachers and students knov what they are seeking. Churchill reports that the most valuable training he ever eceived in rhetoric vas in the diagramming of sentences. Think of it! Yet the diagramming of a sentence, regardless of the grammatical systelTI, can be a live subJect as soon as one asks not simply How is this sentence put together, but rather WIlY is it put together in this way? or Could the rhetorical balance and hence the desired persuasion be better achieved by vriting it differently? As a nation we are reputed to write very badly. We will write a custom essay sample on The Rhetorical Stance Booth or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page As a nation, I would say, we are more inclined to the perversions of rhetoric than to the rhetorical balance. Regardless of what we do about this or that course in the cUlfriculum, our

Development Of Sri Lanka Tourism Tourism Essay Essay Example

Development Of Sri Lanka Tourism Tourism Essay Paper 1. Sri Lanka is an island state and God has given to Sri Lanka approvals of nature blue seas, green hills, flaxen beaches, abundant wildlife, cascading waterfalls, a public violence of flowers and fruits, coconut Grovess, tea estates, spice gardens. Here 1s twenty-four hours can be gloriously lazy by a palm cool laguna or full of joy, swimming, snorkel diving, and fishing or sailing like a superb gem in the sparkling Waterss of the Indian Ocean. Sri Lanka is located in a strategically considered naval topographic point on the universe map. This important state of affairs creates a way for a major sea path. In add-on it creates a strategic naval nexus between West Asia, Africa and East Asia. Sri Lanka entered the international touristry sphere in the sixtiess. Since so, authorities engagement has been the cardinal factor in touristry development in Sri Lanka. The Ceylon Tourist Board ( CTB ) was established in 1966 in order to supply way and leading to this assuring sector of the deve loping economic system. The state is celebrated for healthy and cultural heritage. Hospitality, tropical woods, natural and absorbing beaches, archaeological sites and the tropical clime are the more attractive characteristics. These factors make Sri Lanka a fantastic tourer finish. Over the old ages touristry in Sri Lanka has developed significantly. Today touristry has become the 6th Foreign Exchange Earner ( FEE ) in Sri Lankan economic system. We will write a custom essay sample on Development Of Sri Lanka Tourism Tourism Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Development Of Sri Lanka Tourism Tourism Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Development Of Sri Lanka Tourism Tourism Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer 2. Tourism can do a great impact on development of the Sri Lankan economic system. Tourism is a fast growth industry which has been identified soon. Employment chances and regional development are playing important function with respect to the touristry industry development. It can be considered as the most of import industry in the state as a whole. The authorities s vision is to do the touristry sector as Sri Lanka s most advanced and profitable income bring forthing beginning. 3. During past three decennaries Sri Lanka s touristry industry had few draw dorsums. This was chiefly due to the security state of affairs which prevailed in the state. Further the touristry industry was besides affected due to the Tsunami calamity which occurred in 2004. Approximately 2/3rd of the coastal country including tourer substructure installations was destroyed. The immediate station war period gave rise to a dramatic addition of tourer reaching from terminal May 2009. 4. In order to back up the attempts and to develop the touristry sector in Sri Lanka there should be hotels with sole installations which are in par with the international criterions to suit a big figure of visitants. In the twelvemonth 2010 about one million tourers visited Sri Lanka. Unlike in the yesteryear, the influx of tourers is increasing twenty-four hours by twenty-four hours as a consequence of the terminal of the 30 twelvemonth civil war which destroys the whole state. Following graph indicates how touristry increased from 1966 to 2011 in Sri Lanka. The authorities is expected to have 2.5 million tourers in 2016. To provide for this addition tourer hotels in Sri Lanka must be developed. Similarly other installations should besides be increased to run into the coveted economic ends. Purpose 5. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the development of Sri Lanka touristry -challenges and chances GEOGRAPHY AND CLIMATE OF SRI LANKA 6. Sir Lanka has a assorted terrain but it chiefly consists of level lands but south-central part of the state s measure sided river, canons interior characteristics and mountain. The flatter parts are the countries where most of Sri Lanka s agribusiness takes topographic point, aside from coconut farms along the seashore. Sri LankasA clime A is tropical and the southwesterly portion of the island is the wettest. . The northeasterly portion of Sri Lanka is drier and most of its rain falls from December to February. Most of the rain in the sou-west falls from April to June and October to November Sri Lanka s mean annual temperature is about 86AÂ °F to 91AÂ °F. An of import geographic note about Sri Lanka is its place in the Indian Ocean, which made it vulnerable to one of theA universe s largest natural catastrophes. On December, 26, 2004, it was struck by largeA tsunamiA that hit 12 Asiatic states. Around 38,000 people in Sri Lanka were killed during this incident and much of Sri L anka s seashore was destroyed. 7. Sri Lanka is situated in strategic location near major Indian Ocean sea lanes. It has a entire country of 65,610A kmA? , with 64,740A kmA? of land and 870A kmA? of H2O. Its coastline is 1,340A kilometer long. Sri Lanka s clime includes tropical monsoons: the southwest monsoon ( June to October ) and the nor-east monsoon ( December to March ) , its terrain is largely low, level to rippling field, with mountains in the south-central inside. The highest point isA PidurutalagalaA at 2,524.13 m.A Resource includeA limestone, A mineral littorals, A treasures, black lead, A phosphates, clay, andA hydropower. 8. Adam s Bridge, a land connexion to the Indian mainland, is now largely submerged with merely a concatenation ofA limestoneA shoals staying above sea degree. Harmonizing to temple records, this naturalA causewayA was antecedently complete, but was breached by a violent storm ( likely aA cyclone ) in 1480. SRI LANKA S COMMITMENT TO TOURISM 9. Tourism is a critical country in the policy construction has been identified as capable of expeditiously driving the state s socio economic development. The programme s vision for the touristry sector is to do Sri Lanka foremost freedom finish in the South Asiatic Region. The programme believes the human resources and natural and cultural gifts values and state will be indispensable in transforming Sri Lanka into a Centre of excellence and offer tourists the highest values of existent experiences in its alone scene. 10 The One Stop Unit Unit of measurement for National Investment in Tourism is a Centralized publicity and facilitation centre Established Thurs assist possible touristry investors interested in puting in Sri Lanka Tourism Industry. Specialist staff from assorted authorities bureaus helps investors Identify possible undertakings, Obtain information possible, Sing Investings, submit applications, and Provide support in obtaining investing publicity privileges, trade licences and other blessings Requested for undertaking clearance. OSU Prevents the demand for investors Thurs spend clip in hunt of replies and ensures all questions are handled by its specialist staff. 11. Serious civil perturbations get downing in July 1983 and the subsequent force severely affected touristry. Entire reachings were 230,106 in 1986, down 43 per centum from 1982. To ease the quandary of the industry, the authorities provided assorted grants to hotels, such as the rescheduling of loans and the decrease of the turnover revenue enhancement from 10 per centum to 5 per centum. The Ceylon Tourist Board besides undertook a crash publicity plan in an effort to reconstruct the island s image in universe tourer markets. Tourist reachings in the first six months of 1987, nevertheless, showed a diminution of 23 per centum compared with the same period the old twelvemonth. In early 1988, the mentality was for farther contraction. 12. In 1988 it remained ill-defined whether the policies of economic liberalisation Sri Lanka has pursued since 1977 would win in their chief ends of employment, wealth creative activity, and economic variegation. Although increased rice production, the growing of fabric fabrication, and an improved substructure were successes that could be attributed to the post-1977 policies, these additions came at the cost of a mounting foreign and domestic debt and worsening life criterions for the hapless. POLITICAL ENVIRONMENT TOWARDS TOURISM 13. The One Stop Unit Unit of measurement for National Investment in Tourism is a Centralized publicity and facilitation centre Established Thurs assist possible touristry investors interested in puting in Sri Lanka Tourism Industry. Specialist staff from assorted authorities bureaus helps investors Identify possible undertakings, Obtain information possible, Sing Investings, submit applications, and Provide support in obtaining investing publicity privileges, trade licences and other blessings Requested for undertaking clearance. OSU Prevents the demand for investors Thurs spend clip in hunt of replies and ensures all questions are handled by its specialist staff. 14. Serious civil perturbations get downing in July 1983 and the subsequent force severely affected touristry. Entire reachings were 230,106 in 1986, down 43 per centum from 1982. To ease the quandary of the industry, the authorities provided assorted grants to hotels, such as the rescheduling of loans and the decrease of the turnover revenue enhancement from 10 per centum to 5 per centum. The Ceylon Tourist Board besides undertook a crash publicity plan in an effort to reconstruct the island s image in universe tourer markets. Tourist reachings in the first six months of 1987, nevertheless, showed a diminution of 23 per centum compared with the same period the old twelvemonth. In early 1988, the mentality was for farther contraction. 15. In 1988 it remained ill-defined whether the policies of economic liberalisation Sri Lanka has pursued since 1977 would win in their chief ends of employment, wealth creative activity, and economic variegation. Although increased rice production, the growing of fabric fabrication, and an improved substructure were successes that could be attributed to the post-1977 policies, these additions came at the cost of a mounting foreign and domestic debt and worsening life criterions for the hapless. PROMOTION OF TOURISM INVESTMENT 16. The Board of Investment has introduced inducements in the signifier of revenue enhancement freedoms, duty-free imports and the relaxation of controls on foreign exchange retentions. The inducements provided by the authorities have chiefly attracted investing in the hotel sector. The present hotel capacity is 13,670 suites. That figure is projected to increase to 21,000 suites by 2004, which will suit the mark of 1 million tourers. Five regional domestic airdromes to be restructured at a entire cost of approx. Rs. 2bn: Rathmalana, Koggala, Ampara, Trincomalee A ; Jaffna ( Rathmalana will be developed as a City Airport ) Previous twelvemonth. This denotes that touristry industry is one of the nucleus beginnings of foreign exchange earner in economic system of Sri Lanka. Due to the development of touristry improved handiness via new main roads and transition of military to domestic airdromes may do high-end hotels in the Deep South and the East of Sri Lanka feasible options to th e Galle country. OPPORTUNITIES FOR TOURISM INDUSTRY 17. Tourism straight affected to economic system of a state. The impulse of growing in touristry, as consequence of the station struggle peaceful environment, the tourer reachings grew to 654,476 in 2010 exceling the old record of 566,202 in 2004. Tourist nights one of an of import index in mensurating the volume of tourer traffic, has recorded 6, 544, 760 in 2010. It shows 60.6 per cent addition compared to 2009. Entire grosss in 2010 amounted to US $ 575.9 million as against US $ 349.3 million recorded for the twelvemonth 2009. It indicates a huge addition of 64.9 per cent than Menace FOR TOURISM INDUSTRY 18. Development of tourer hotels in Sri Lanka will highly back up the rapid economic development. Developments of tourer hotels, addition room capacities, addition tenancy rates and develop the status of suites and upgrade the service provided in the hotels are the cardinal factors to be chiefly focused on if to develop touristry. It so contributes to the development of touristry and in bend development of economic system of the state. Tourist hotel industry should be developed in most of the celebrated metropolis for touristry with sufficient sum of tourer hotels 19. As political hazard introduces extra elements of uncertainness into the regulations regulating touristry investing undertakings, the hazard of capital loss is raised for longer- term undertakings. Political hazard besides negatively influences the timing and pricing of the touristry production procedure. Negative images, deficiency of foreign exchange for touristry development, deficiency of skilled work force, weak institutional models for touristry planning, political instability caused by communal force, civil war struggles are inhibitors to tourism development. However, small is known about how international touristry houses perceive political hazards and other general barriers and menaces to tourism publicity in Sri Lanka. 20. Common political factors which affect the touristry industry are revolution, civil war, factional struggle, cultural force, spiritual convulsion, widespread public violences, terrorist act, countrywide work stoppages, protests, cross- national guerilla warfare, universe public sentiment, repatriation limitations, bureaucratic political relations, leading battle, high rising prices, boundary line struggles, high external debt service ratio and crawling nationalisation. Last 30 old ages Sri Lanka besides faced the civil war and it affected the touristry industry of Sri Lanka. Forming elections often besides create menace to the touristry industry because during the election period in some topographic points to command the state of affairs mongrel hews are implemented. 21. This will make negative image in the head of tourers. Some of the foreign states have reject Sri Lanka s merchandises in their state due to the misdemeanor of human rights during the war clip. For illustration authorities invested and spent on IIFA programme but it was non a successful event for Sri Lanka because the large stars have boycotted the event. They did nt see Sri Lanka because of the protests held in their state by inquiring them non to see the topographic point. Presently Sri Lanka is holding negative relationship with some foreign states therefore the export and import of Sri Lankan merchandises will be decreased and it affects the touristry industry every bit good. FUTURE TRENDS, CHALLENGES 22. Beginning markets in Asia and Middle East to drive demand: Sri Lanka s propinquity to beginning markets such as India and its connectivity to the Middle East and China will assist in prolonging touristry growing. The rise in per capita income and hence consumer disbursement in these beginning markets will help the growing in touristry. 23. Infrastructure growing to fuel touristry growing: To guarantee rapid growing of touristry in the hereafter, touristry undertakings will necessitate to be balance with substructure development. We expect that with betterments in route substructure and development of the new airdrome in Hambantota, assorted new finishs will emerge in the state, particularly to the North and the E, as these countries have abundant natural beauty to pull tourers but presently suffer from hapless connectivity. We expect more air hoses to run in the state as the 2nd airdrome develops. 24. Greater competition will ease growing: We besides expect greater competition with the debut of new hotels in popular finishs such as Colombo, Kandy, Bentota, and Sigiriya, and Galle. We expect the bing hotels to set about phased redevelopments to efficaciously vie with the approaching hotels. Besides, with the addition in income from hotels over the past few old ages, we expect an addition in the figure of cordial reception related minutess and amalgamations and acquisitions. 25. Challenge of abrasion to other finishs: Presently, the hotel industry informant s important employee abrasion to states in the Middle East and to the Maldives and India. However, with a more stable political environment and betterment in quality of life in Sri Lanka, we expect the abrasion to bit by bit 26. Deficit of skilled labour: As new participants enter the market, the jutting growing in touristry will be accompanied by deficit of skilled labor. We anticipate the demand for relive cordial reception instruction establishments as the part of the touristry sector to the overall economic system additions. Summary 27. Sri Lanka is located in a strategically considered naval topographic point on the universe map. Sri Lanka entered the international touristry sphere in the sixtiess. Since so, authorities engagement has been the cardinal factor in touristry development in Sri Lanka. Over the old ages touristry in Sri Lanka has developed significantly. Today touristry has become the 6th Foreign Exchange Earner ( FEE ) in Sri Lankan economy.Tourism can do a great impact on development of the Sri Lankan economic system. Employment chances and regional development are playing important function with respect to the touristry industry development. The authorities s vision is to do the touristry sector as Sri Lanka s most advanced and profitable income bring forthing beginning. 28. During past three decennaries Sri Lanka s touristry industry had few draw dorsums. In the twelvemonth 2010 about one million tourers visited Sri Lanka. Following graph indicates how touristry increased from 1966 to 2011 in Sri Lanka. To provide for this addition tourer hotels in Sri Lanka must be developed. Sri LankasA climateA is tropical and the southwesterly portion of the island is the wettest. . Around 38,000 people in Sri Lanka were killed during this incident and much of Sri Lanka s seashore was destroyed. 29. Entire reachings were 230,106 in 1986, down 43 per centum from 1982. The Ceylon Tourist Board besides undertook a crash publicity plan in an effort to reconstruct the island s image in universe tourer markets. This denotes that touristry industry is one of the nucleus beginnings of foreign exchange earner in economic system of Sri Lanka. Tourism straight affected to economic system of a state. Development of tourer hotels in Sri Lanka will highly back up the rapid economic development. Developments of tourer hotels, addition room capacities, addition tenancy rates and develop the status of suites and upgrade the service provided in the hotels are the cardinal factors to be chiefly focused on if to develop touristry. Tourist hotel industry should be developed in most of the celebrated metropolis for touristry with sufficient sum of tourer hotels 30. Negative images, deficiency of foreign exchange for touristry development, deficiency of skilled work force, weak institutional models for touristry planning, political instability caused by communal force, civil war struggles are inhibitors to tourism development. However, small is known about how international touristry houses perceive political hazards and other general barriers and menaces to tourism publicity in Sri Lanka. 31. Last 30 old ages Sri Lanka besides faced the civil war and it affected the touristry industry of state. Some of the foreign states have reject Sri Lanka s merchandises in their state due to the misdemeanor of human rights during the war clip. Presently Sri Lanka is holding negative relationship with some foreign states therefore the export and import of Sri Lankan merchandises will be decreased and it affects the touristry industry every bit good. 32. Sri Lanka s propinquity to beginning markets such as India and its connectivity to the Middle East and China will assist in prolonging touristry growing. To guarantee rapid growing of touristry in the hereafter, touristry undertakings will necessitate to be balance with substructure development. We expect the bing hotels to set about phased redevelopments to efficaciously vie with the approaching hotels. We besides expect the hotel companies, particularly the domestic companies located in the state to set about long and average term cordial reception preparation plans and on a regular basis undertake competition benchmarking for compensation to retain the endowment. RECCOMONDATIONS 33. These are the recommendations which we can bring forth in related to touristry. Develop a selling scheme: Stressing the creative activity and sustaining of a positive image of Sri Lanka as a substantial and well-established tourer finish offering installations experiences that are distinguishable Sri Lankan merchandises. Establish a domestic touristry scheme: To spread out the bing merchandise base and promote a greater degree of vacation motions in add-on to pilgrim motions. Develop goods and services: To run into the increasing demands of the touristry industry, and therefore optimise the economic benefit of touristry development to Sri Lanka. Modify the organisation of touristry activities: In order to convey approximately related betterments in the private sector, increase coordination between touristry and interconnected sectors, and present streamlining to ease the development of the touristry sector. Stress the environmental, societal and cultural facets: Tourism Development Planning is the lone manner to work out many issues related to touristry in development. Therefore the touristry be aftering procedure should be designed to bring forth ends and aims for the finish country related to touristry development. The touristry development program provides overall guidelines for development and identifies development chances. Many development states are involved in touristry planning. Fiscal Aid: Fiscal aid for hotel proprietors and any other profession in tourer sector would assist to make more employment chances. Domestic Airport: Airport besides more than 100 kilometers off from the tourer finish it is needed have domestic airdromes. Surfboarding Training: This will make more employment chances and bring forth good income. Among the tourers there are some people they love for surfing and lament to larn. Conduct Language Teaching: Language barrier should be overcome by carry oning specially occupation orientated linguistic communication preparation. Employ Combat Divers: Surfing is hazardous and adventure athletics it do nt take much clip for some to go on hence as precautional step it is needed some combat frogmans near to the surfing country it would heighten the assurance of people who do surfing. Proper Taxi Service: Taxi service should be reformed presenting good vehicles fixed with metre system and giving preparation for drivers. Improve Infrastructure Facilities: Infrastructure installations such as Power, Highways, Railways, Airports, Ports, Water Supply, Telecommunications, Accommodations, and Recreational, Shopping and Banking to be improved. Awareness Plans: Tourists should be informed on specific societal, cultural and spiritual environment programmed. GAD ALWIS SLE Maj STUDENT OFFICER -DSCSC

Two Minutes hate Essays

Two Minutes hate Essays Two Minutes hate Paper Two Minutes hate Paper How does Orwell use the language of hate effectively in the Two Minutes hate scene in part I chapter I of 1984? This scene begins in quite a calm descriptive way in which it features just descriptions of people entering the room. Orwell does this to set the scene for the 2 Minutes hate also it is calmly described lulling the audience. This gives the point where the language more tenacity to the reader as they are relaxed. Then suddenly everything gets very dramatic. Firstly it says Uncontrollable exclamations of rage showing that things are getting very dramatic in this room illustrating the hate. The uncontrolled nature of the rage of the people gives the scene more drama as it shows the hatred of Goldstein as very strong. This effectively shows the reader how much the people of this world are indoctrinated through the language of hate. Orwell then goes on to describe Goldstein as an object of hatred more constant than either Eurasia or Eastasia. This shows that in Oceania Goldstein is a great figure of hate even stronger than their enemies in war. This statement gives the 2 minutes hate more affect because the reader is wondering why so many people can carry such hatred for one man. At this point the scene is very dramatic with hatred building up through the language of hate. Interestingly Orwell takes this scene in a different direction bringing in irony. Saying the irony is Goldstein is torn apart ideologically everyday and yet he still retains influence. In some ways this makes Goldstein stronger giving him publicity. This irony makes the reader thing and this brings the language of hate in a different direction because it deals with the issue of scape goating. Then Orwell builds up the scene intensely having the hate rise up. Then he helps the scene and the language of hate. He gets his characters into dramatic situations he has people running around the place destroying things and chairs being thrown. The descriptive nature of this makes the scene very dramatic it illustrates the hate of the people of this world. Then Orwell brings in the character of OBrien the first inclusion of him showing him flustered and quivering and getting involved this shows OBrien in a strange light. Showing OBrien as uncomfortable in this situation. Then he brings in the insults brought in by the characters Swine! Swine! Swine! showing a young woman yelling these insults. Orwell gives this scene effect through this as he shows someone not expected to be strong being the most notable hater in this scene. This language of hate gives the scene more effect. This scene is given the most effect when Orwell describes the worse thing about the 2 minutes hate. It is not having to be there but finding you are impossibly drawn into the action of the event. This increases the terror it shows the reader how much someone can be indoctrinated and influenced. Then Orwell brings the 2 minutes hate to its height by using words like vindictiveness, a desire to kill, to torture, to smash faces in. This description of hate brings across the dramatic nature of the scene. Then Orwell finishes this scene having the capital letter slogans of Big brother appearing WAR IS PEACE, FREEDOM IS SLAVERY, IGNORANCE IS STRENGTH these strike out at the reader bringing the scene to a climax showing the reason why the two minutes hate has such influence.

Peter browning and continental white cap case study Research Proposal

Peter browning and continental white cap case study - Research Proposal Example Continental Whitecap is in the verge of making a life changing decision that would determine the possibility of its survival in the market and sustain its operation costs without serious financial constraints. This can only be achieved by the new management head if wide consultative based researched is carried out and all facts are laid bare on the table for discussion (Paton & Mccalman, 2007, 76-80). However, it is important to underscore the sensitivity of cost and revenue factors in discussing the success of a firm. This will be judged by critical consideration of various change management models and approaches to change. For the new management to achieve desirable goals for this multinational, strategic planning must be backed up with a critically assessed implementation procedure under strict observance of the principles of competitive tools. In the case of Continental Can’s division, the factor input combination need to be readjusted to capture the changes in the type of the containers that need to be manufactured. The management team needs to put up a strategic plan with a tight link to identification and management of a competitive and success oriented design to the organization. The idea is that most of these processes need to be internally centered and assist this division of Continental Whitecap acquiring commitment to effective change and improve on productivity with the least degree of difficulty. There are various models and frameworks that can be used to establish the most appropriate performance strategy for this company amidst the tight competition in the industry (Abrahamson, 2004, 42-55). The preferable model is Kurt Lewin’s classical model which is basically reliant on three concepts. Communication is one of the most important factors that the management needs to use for co-ordination of various activities and sense any impending risk. Internal

Are Black Afro Caribbean boys underachieving within the Education Dissertation

Are Black Afro Caribbean boys underachieving within the Education system that are born in the UK - Dissertation Example Out of all the communities, debate about children of Caribbean heritage has been most controversial. There is no denial of the fact that Caribbean children are under achieving in UK. In 2004, according to National Statistics, the lowest levels of GCSE attainment were among black Caribbean pupils, particularly boys. Only 27% of black Caribbean boys and 44% of black Caribbean girls were said to have achieved five or more A*-C grade GCSEs. (BBC News 2009). The statistical release issued by Department for Children, Schools and Families at National statistics UK has reported that in 2008/9 44.3 percent of Black African pupils achieved a good level of development. This is 7.3 percentage points below the national average; this difference in achievement shows a reduction from 2008 when it was 10.7 percentage points. In 2009 27.3 percent of Black African pupils were classified as being in the lowest achieving 20 percent of pupils, this is a reduction from 2007 when 30.2 percent of Black Afric an pupils were classified as being in this group. 43.0 percent of Black Caribbean pupils achieved a good level of development. This is 8.6 percentage points below the national average; this difference in achievement has reduced from 2008 when it was 9.4 percentage points. ... It became evident that children were treated with discrimination, being called dull, slow learners, UN responsive, troublesome, dull, low achievers, backwards and UN intelligent. Observing all this, black parents moved to draw public attention and demanded government to take concrete actions. Since 1960 government took many actions and policy initiatives however to this day, concerns remain in air about educational performance of these children and their treatment. The low achievement of Caribbean children is in great contrast to high achievements by children of other minority ethnic groups in UK. There are many theories available to explain this problem. These theories include low IQ, genetics, poor self esteem, racism against society and schools, race politics in UK, poor quality of schools and poor home environments of children. It is an important observation that educationalists and government view this problem with different perspectives. This paper is an endeavour to understand why black British children of African Caribbean origin achieve less in academics and are subject of increased expulsion from schools. In the UK, in the 1960s and ‘70s, Black children were routinely labelled â€Å"educationally sub-normal† (ESN) and confined to ESN schools, also known as sin-bins. The parents often did not challenge the verdict of the teachers and the schools, but just accepted the situation. One reason for underachievement of students has been indifference of parents towards the situation. Educationalist Dr Tony Sewell from UK has researched and stated as late as September 2010 that institutional racism in education has no part to play in the educational failure of African

Some discussion questions for abnormal psychology

Some discussion questions for abnormal psychology Nearly all of us have known someone at some point of our lives who has suffered from depression, alcoholism, anxiety or another psychological disorder.   What is your perception, at this point, of abnormal psychology and psychological disorders?   What is your own experience and knowledge of abnormal psychology?   How do you think this course might change your perception when you have completed it? My perception of abnormal psychology is that there are many different factors, which may affect people in different ways. There is so much that I do not know about abnormal psychology; and yet I have known many who have suffered from different forms of abnormal psychology. I have known people who have dealt with alcoholism, depression, and anxiety. Personally, my life has been affected by depression and anxiety through family members. Tragedy has also played a part in my life that have affected people close to me to where they have resulted in change of behavior. I am aware that many people suffer from depression some are treated and others go on with out treatment. I can only guess that the same may be for other psychological disorders. I think that this course will make me more aware of different disorders and give more understanding to what I have known from past experiences and maybe allow me to have more understanding to what others may be going through in their lives. I believe that psychological disorders are a result of not being able to handle what life has dealt. I think most of us have dealt with depression, alcoholism, anxiety or other disorders at one time or another in our lives. The psychological disorder may have been as a result of work related stress, family stress, stress of life or loss of a loved one. I think that people who suffer from alcoholism or drug use it temporary cope with depression but in the end the emotional feeling is still there when the drugs wear off. I also think the only way to cure a person is for them to change their perception of life and for them to learn how to deal with problems. I think counseling may help them to understand their problems, so that could be beneficial. Also, when the patient is off the medication the feelings of depression comes back thats why I think medications are temporary fixers. I love to observe people and understand why they are the way they are or why they do some of the things the y do. Hopefully, this will help me better understand them or psychological disorder. I think a person who have problems, need to seek a therapist or counselor; to talk about their problems, because it will be able to calm the individual down. The person will be able to think twice about their life and not destroy it by doing drugs or drinking too much. A person can drink too much or over dose on any kind drugs, it can lead to death, illness, or any kind of medical conditions. My perception of Abnormal Psychology is the behavior, medical, and the cognitive. The perception of psychological at this point is the patterns of behavioral and the symptoms; for example, mood, disorders, anxiety, and developmental disorders. The text book stated that psychological disorders can occur when and individual is associated with distress or impairment; for example, an individual who have bipolar (Durand, Barlow, 2007). An individual can have mood swings, racing thoughts and reckless behavior; need to be treated with some kind of therapy. This course will help me to understand how in dividuals react when there is some kind of psychological disorder. This course will also help me to understand what the individual illness is, and be able to help deal with the different situations that might occur. Reference: Durand, V.M., and Barlow, D.H. (2007). Essentials of Abnormal Psychology (5th ed.). Belmont, CA: Thomson Wadsworth Unit 2 Question one Abnormal behavior can be very difficult to define. What is considered normal in one society may not considered normal in another, depending upon that societys mores and norms.   To determine if one is displaying abnormal behavior, certain criteria must be met.   One of the criteria is the level of personal distress that is felt by the individual and another is how the behavior is viewed in a particular society.      Using material from the text, respond to the following questions:   Which criterion is most important in defining whether a person is normal or abnormal, is it the individual or society?  Ã‚   After considering both of these views, choose the one you feel is most significant and discuss why you think this is so.  Ã‚   The strongest answers will provide specific examples and reference from the course material  to support the position. The criterion researchers follow in labeling an individual with a psychological disorder come in three distinct symptoms; these include, 1.) a psychological dysfunction, 2.) distress or impairment, and 3.) a response that is not typically or culturally expected. Taken from our text, the psychological dysfunction refers to a breakdown in cognitive, emotional, or behavioral functioning, impairment of being able to function around or in society without the feeling of distress and, your behavior deviates from the average so much so that it is atypical or not culturally expected (Barlow, Durand, 2007, p. 3). What I find interesting is that all three aspects of the definition of a psychological disorder have to be present in order to for a particular behavior to be considered abnormal. If a person possesses two out of the three criteria listed in the definition, the person may have some issues that need to be addressed, but are not displaying acts of abnormal behavior. For example, a pers on that is experiencing psychological dysfunction due to distress may appear normal and can function just fine in society. I know a few people like this that just need a little extra help to deal with their issues, but are able to live their day to day lives normally (Barlow, Durand, 2007). I agree with the chapter it is hard to place a definition on what is considered normal or abnormal in society. I think we know it if we see it but this could have a positive or negative affect on categorizing a disorder. I am wondering if a long time ago if it was abnormal to sleep in the same bed with your husband but a couple did. Would it be considered abnormal behavior? Or when in the past when a woman did not have a career and just raised her children but there could have been a woman that had a career. Would this behavior be considered abnormal as well? I think that depending on where a person lives regardless or culture or area of the United States the definition of abnormal or normal could be subjective. Reference: Durand, V.M., and Barlow, D.H. (2007). Essentials of Abnormal Psychology (5th ed.). Belmont, CA: Thomson Wadsworth. Question 2 Homelessness is a major problem in many urban areas of the United States and in many cases, those who are on the street suffer from one or more psychological problems.   Using material from the course in support of your response, how did deinstitutionalization contribute to the problem of homelessness and how shall our society now deal with the problem of mental illness as it relates to the homeless population? Deinstitutionalization had two goals: (1) to close the large state mental hospitals and (2) to create a network of community mental health centers where the released individuals could be treated Durand Barlow, 2007. pg 567). The community network system should have been in place and functioning before institutions were closed leaving many with no treatment. The result was we shifted many from one kind of institution to another; jails or prisons, group homes, nursing homes, and have taken on the numbers. That does not even count the numbers that are living on the streets because they lack the social skills to get and keep a job. Many homeless people find it stressful to have an apartment; worrying about the money to pay for food, electric, and heat? The stress of applying for home health aides, energy assistance, and food stamps is often two much. Living on the street they do not have to worry about these things. If you have ever been through financial problems you know how stressful it is. The ability to handle stress is diminished by any psychological disorder making these normal stresses intolerable. As a community should see to it that the needs of the mentally ill are addressed. Establishing small local hospitals, to provide short term stays, assigning case workers to help them apply for assistance would be a good start. The budget issues can easily be addressed by pointing out that if they do not provide for these needs they will most likely end up in jail or hospitalized cost much more than addressing their problems first. Deinstitutionalized happened during the 19th century when the leaders in psychiatry care were alarmed at the increasing size and impersonality of mental hospitals and recommended that they be downsized. It took about 100 years before the community mental health movement was successful in reducing the population of mental hospitals with controversial policy of deinstitutionalized meaning patients were released into their communities (Durand Barlow, 2007). The problems with deinstitutionalizing were many 1. Patients were mentally ill and use to being under 24/7 care 2. Patients unable to stay on their medicines 3. Patients unable to get housing, jobs, no where to go 4. Patients have no money, some have no family to go to 5. Hundreds of nurses and staffing are not needed and are let go These patients, many of them, are not suitable to be set free in society, they cant live on their own without medication and direction, therefore once set free, if they dont have any family to go to they will probably end up homeless. Even now days, we do what we can to make sure our elders and mentally unstable are taken care of, but there is only so much that doctors can do for many of them. They can be treated, but they still have to be sent home under a family members care as they dont meet the criteria to be institutionalized. I am a strong believer that if institutions were more available financially and medically to everyone then a lot more people would be getting the help they need. I realize that institutes are expensive, however, the expense of a truly mentally ill person on Medicaid constantly seeking emergency help just to get a warm meal or some attention isnt exactly cheap. Reference: Durand, V.M., and Barlow, D.H. (2007). Essentials of Abnormal Psychology (5th ed.). Belmont, CA: Thomson Wadsworth. Unit 3 Criminal behavior is often the result of an interaction between genetic and environmental factors; however, many believe that one may be a more significant cause.  Ã‚  Referencing and citing material from the text, choose one side of the argument (genetics or environment) and discuss why this particular factor is more important in determining criminal or abnormal behavior.   For example, if you think that environment is more important than genetics, why do you feel this is so? My personal opinion is that there is an interaction between environment and genetics that set up the right combination resulting in criminal behavior. Environment exerts more influence; family dynamics, culture, and even exposure of pollutants or toxins are part of the environmental influence. People with the same genetic components must be exposed to the right environment before engaging in criminal or anti-social behavior (Jones, 2005). Inheritable psychological problems have to be given the right circumstances for the person with the genetic predisposition to engage in criminal behavior (Jones, 2005). Jones (2005) noted a Denmark study that found a biological component for criminal acts against property, but not for violent crimes. I think I am leaning more towards the environment after reading the lesson, I had originally thought it was more genetically based, but the more I read, the more I was convinced that maybe the environment over ruled the genes. However, I do think they play off of each other. For instance, the text states that the environment may occasionally turn on certain genes (Durand Barlow, 2007). So I guess if a child is born into a family of so called criminals, then that is probably the only behavior that child is going to know, therefore he/she will end up just like the rest of the family, but not because of genetics, because of the people and the environment. If someone where to snatch that child up right after he/she was born and place him/her into an entire different environment where criminal behavior was not accepted then the only way that child would ever be exposed to that behavior would be on the streets or at school, however, he/she would know the correct way to behave and would ho pefully resort to that way. This isnt to say that a well behaved child will never act badly or even become a criminal. Considering the diathesis stress model, individuals inherit tendencies to express certain traits or behaviors, which may be activated under conditions of stress (Durand Barlow, 2007). So this is saying that the stress of the environment can sometimes bring out those bad genes that some of us may carry deep down inside of us and we may not even know they exist. We all have a tendency to be a bit vulnerable under certain stress levels at certain times and it all depends on how we handle those life situations as to how we end up. Reference: Durand, V.M., and Barlow, D.H. (2007). Essentials of Abnormal Psychology (5th ed.). Belmont, CA: Thomson Wadsworth. Jones C. M. (2005). Genetic and environmental influences on criminal behavior. Personality Research: Rochester Institute of Technology. Retrieved February 15, 2009 from http://www.personalityresearch.org/papers/jones.html Question2 The text discusses several ways that culture, gender or social factors influences our health and behavior.   Choose one of these factors and discuss how this particular influence could influence one ¿Ã‚ ½s behavior.   Be sure to provide specific references and support from the text and course material  for your response. Although culture, gender, and social factors all take a apart in influencing our health and behavior, I personally believe gender differences play a significant role in shaping how we are as a society. For example it is a general conclusion that women are nurturing, emotional, feminine and in some ways the weaker sex of the two. Men are generally seen as more masculine, strong, and dominant. In the workplace men still hold a sense of dominance and are generally viewed as they head of their households since women hold dominance in domesticated duties such as child care and housework. Though in our society we have learned to draw a gray line between gender roles, they definitely still exist. It is easily seen in our media and advertising which is part of our daily lives. For example how often do you see a male nurse or a female contractor? Also how often are little girls seen playing with baby dolls, while boys are expected to play with action figures? These types of subtle differences teach us from the beginning what is considered normal behavior in terms of gender. The text book stated that gender roles have a strong and sometimes puzzling effect on psychopathology (Durand 2007). Women and men handle their fear, phobia and other behavior different. A man can hurt doing dangerous stunts, but he continues to do it. Some men try not to let other people know that he is hurt or fear of anything. A women who may experience a bad car accident and she might not want to drive for a couple months or not at all. A woman may experience some type of phobia from the accident. Most male are more likely to drink their fear or problems away. Some women may show fear or scared that the incident might happen again that males are more likely than females to self-medicate their fear and panic with alcohol and in so doing start down the slippery road to addiction (Pg. 65). Another one that falls in with gender is eating disorders which women tend to have more. I think that as growing up it depends on how girls and boys are taught and what they learn. Reference: Durand, V.M., and Barlow, D.H. (2007). Essentials of Abnormal Psychology (5th ed.). Belmont, CA: Thomson Wadsworth. Unit 4 This unit ¿Ã‚ ½s reading, Younger children diagnosed with personality disorders, discusses the concept of preschool children being diagnosed with psychological disorders previously thought to be in adolescents and adults exclusively. Using critical thinking, what is your opinion on treatment at the earliest signs of mental distress in children? Support your ideas with specific references to the article and the text book. I think it is so sad to hear about children younger and younger, especially preshool children being diagnosed with personality disorders. This may have been happening longer then we think and I agree with the article it is not comfortable to anyone. According to Dr. Charles Zeanah, a psychiatrist at Tulane University in New Orleans, the public is uncomfortable with the idea of serious psychopathology in young children it violates our idealized images of babyhood and toddlerhood as care free, innocent, and a time when all things are possible (Benedict Carey). However I think the sooner they are diagnosed the sooner they are treated and do not have to go through life with out feeling stable. But, having to live with those medications their entire life is going to be miserable for them as a child and as an adult. I also think that the media, their surroundings, and friends have a huge effect on how these children are feeling. Girls have the images of growing up fast, being skinny, wear ing makeup and dressing provocative and the toys they sell are also of this image, make girls think this is how they have to be. Same with boys they tend to think that being popular, dressing cool in name brand clothes, and acting out in certain ways is okay. I think it is so sad that these young children who are our future have to go through and continue to go through these types of personality disorders their entire lives. So my feelings on children being diagnosed are based on my experience. I dont know that children are really truly ever able to be 100% diagnosed with a mental disorder just because a lot of being diagnosed requires client feedback and children cant always give that part to the doctor. According to the reading, doctors are diagnosing mental illness in children at younger ages than ever (Carey, 2003). It also states that doctors are being pressures by the outpouring of new drugs on the market, and by patients who want medications that work better and quicker. I am however astounded that the number of children taking psychiatric drugs has more than doubled in the past 15 years (Carey, 2003). Before any medication is prescribed or treatment, I believe that medical test for underlying issues and a behavioral assessment should be done. Understanding the behavior that is occurring in different situation may help in designing treatment (Durand and Barlow, 2007). If the child is a danger to h im/her self I could see the need for medication, but I still think that each child is different and that not one treatment is a fix all. References: Carey, Benedict (2003). Younger Children Diagnosed with Personality Disorders. Newspaper Source. Toronto Star. Retrieved on February 14, 2010 from http://reserves.uah.edu/coursepage.asp?cid=72 Durand, V.M., and Barlow, D.H. (2007). Essentials of Abnormal Psychology (5th ed.). Belmont, CA: Thomson Wadsworth. Unit 4 question 2 Although the short personality test you participated in was not as in-depth as those that are given by psychologists, it gives you a very good idea of the types of questions that are on the formal tests, as well as the personality profiles.  Ã‚   Many employers require that their potential employees complete a personality profile before they are hired.  Ã‚   What are some of the benefits a company would gain by requiring a personality profile of applicants?   What are some potentially negative aspects of employers requiring a personality profile of applicants? The most widely used personality inventory in the United States, the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), which was developed in the late 1930s and early 1940s and first published in 1943. The MMPI and similar inventories are based on an empirical approach, that is , the collection and evaluation of data. The administration of the MMPI is straightforward. The individual being assessed reads statements and answers either true or false. Some of the benefits from the data are that individual responses on the MMPI are not examined; instead, the pattern of responses is reviewed to see whether it resembles patterns from groups of people who have specific disorders (e.g., a pattern similar to a group with schizophrenia). Each group is represented on separate standard scales (Durand, Barlow, 2007). Some potentially negative aspects are that the original standardization sample- the people who first responded to the statements and set the standard for answers- included many people from Minnesota who had no psychological disorders and several groups of people who had particular disorders (Durand, Barlow, 2007). I have never had to take a personality test before starting a job so I am not sure what types of questions the test may consists of, but I actually find it quite disturbing myself. I feel that in many high paying professional jobs, the employer brings the prospective employee in several times to interview with several different people which gives the employer plenty of time to get to know enough about the person and if he/she will fit in with the group or not. The disadvantage is anyone can lie on those tests. On the other hand, I think once the person is hired in, it may be a good idea to get to know more about the person by using a personality test, but I dont think its fair to base the hiring decision on the test. Maybe just as an immediate boss it would be good to know how the employee feels or may react in a given situation. Another negative thing I see is that each applicant may read into the questions differently which then they may respond differently.